Manufacturing of Biomass Briquettes from Biowaste. ...

Manufacturing of Biomass Briquettes from Biowaste. Profitable Investment in  Agro Waste Briquette Industry. Turning Waste into Energy

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Biomass briquettes are a biofuel substitute to coal and charcoal. Briquettes are mostly used in the developing world, where cooking fuels are not as easily available. There has been a move to the use of briquettes in the developed world, where they are used to heat industrial boilers in order to produce electricity from steam. The briquettes are cofired with coal in order to create the heat supplied to the boiler.

Biomass feed, especially agro-residues, is available in different forms, such as husks, straw, and stalks of various and numerous crops. Due to this heterogeneous nature, the utility of these materials for energy becomes limited, and energy conversion processes tend to become biomass specific. Biomass briquettes are a proven way of generating energy from bio-waste.

Type of Biomass Briquette:- 

Sawdust Briquettes

Agro waste Briquettes

Wood Briquettes

Different types of waste have been utilized in order to develop biomass briquettes. Biomass briquettes derived from Mustard, Cotton, Guar, Saw Dust and Peanut shell Agro waste could result in feasible on-site fuel production. Biomass briquettes can typically provide between 3-15 per cent of the input energy into the power plant. The objective behind the move, is to reduce air pollution caused due to burning of surplus biomass residue in fields by creating an alternate market for its large-scale utilization in power plants as well as reduce carbon emission from coal fired power plants.

Developing economies is the key sources for generating air pollution, as most of its population is reliant on wood and other fossil fuel such as kerosene and charcoal to meet their domestic energy needs. In addition, the growing percentage of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other harmful gases in the environment is the chief reason for global warming. Growing air pollution and environmental protection has grown concerns across the globe. Thus, growing environmental concerns have pushed the need for biomass briquettes. Biomass briquette production is developed recently. It is a kind of technology to obtain clean coal, as per the use of bio waste to create usable and effective briquettes to replace traditional firewood and charcoal in various domestic activities

Uses:-

Biomass briquettes are mostly used in the developing world, where cooking fuels are not as easily available. There has been a move to the use of briquettes in the developed world, where they are used to heat industrial boilers in order to produce electricity from steam. The briquettes are cofired with coal in order to create the heat supplied to the boiler. Biomass briquettes, mostly made of green waste and other organic materials, are commonly used for electricity generation, heat, and cooking fuel. These compressed compounds contain various organic materials, including rice husk, bagasse, ground nut shells, agricultural waste. The composition of the briquettes varies by area due to the availability of raw materials. The raw materials are gathered and compressed into briquette in order to burn longer and make transportation of the goods easier.

The Benefits of Biomass Briquettes:-

Nowadays, everyone is thinking about how to make their homes greener and how to save energy. Everyone is now aware of the problems presented by global warming and we are all thinking of ways to change our lifestyles in order to help stop this phenomenon and keep our world safe. This is why biomass briquettes are important. The main source of energy for most areas of the world is fossil fuel, which usually is makes use of coal in order to power boilers to make steam for energy. Briquettes made from biomass are a great substitute for coal, since they are made of natural materials and do not add to the pollution in the world.

Because of the production of briquettes, many companies use biomass briquettes since they found out about its benefits and how it can lower their carbon footprint while being affordable. These briquettes are cheaper than coal in the long run, and can be used for a long time. Coal is one of the most dangerous ways to produce energy nowadays because of its pollution to our environment. This is why it is necessary for us to limit our use of charcoal and find another way to get energy. Biomass is a great way to do this since it is easy to get and use.

Usually, the briquettes are made from plants and natural waste from animals. It recycles them and turns them into an energy source, so they are an ideal material. They do not have any of the disadvantages of fossil fuel energy, and it is easily renewable. It does not emit greenhouse gases or any toxic chemicals.

The biomass materials are compressed into briquettes so that they can be used by energy producing companies to replace charcoal. These burn just like charcoal but they do not produce any harmful effects to the environment. They can be used to boil water and power turbines to generate electricity.

In the modern world, everyone needs electricity. It is a very much sought-after utility, since we rely on technology that runs on electricity to live our lives. Because of this need, people resorted to using fossil fuels to power cities. But briquettes from biomass can change all of this.

Biomass also gets rid of the need to have fossil fuels exported and imported around the world, since it can be made domestically from plants and animal waste. This will lower the price of electricity for many countries that do not have oil or coal reserves. It will mean affordable and safe energy for everyone.

Briquettes are better than loose biomass since they are compressed. This compression allows them to burn for a lot longer than if it was loose. Also, it does not take too much money to compress these so it will be inexpensive for people to attain.

Market Outlook

Biomass briquette is commonly made of green waste and other natural materials. These are generally used to create power, heat, cooking fuel, and work industrial boilers with a specific end goal to make power from steam. The most recognized usage of briquettes is in emerging economies, where energy sources are not as generally accessible. These compacted or strong compounds contain different organic materials, including rice husk, bagasse, ground nutshells, city strong waste, rural waste, or other wastes with high nitrogen content. The demand for fuel in emerging economies and improved renewable energy source appeal drive the biomass briquette market. However, low energy output when compared to others industrial fuels and limited awareness hamper the market growth.

Currently, various trends seen in the global market that has risen the demand for biomass briquettes are its advantages over other fuels, low ash content as compared to charcoal and coal, cost-effective, and is sulfur free. Moreover, low environmental effect, uniformity in combustion, higher boiler efficiency due to low moisture content and high density has increased its demand across the globe. The popularity of piston or ram press and screw extrusion machines are the most preferred technologies used for producing high-pressure biomass briquettes. Biomass briquettes have a high potential to substitute coal in most boiler and power applications and have a high combustion rate that has increased its demand on a large scale.

At present, in developed countries the Biomass Fuel industry is generally at a more advanced level. The world's large enterprises are mainly concentrated in EU. Meanwhile, foreign companies have more advanced equipment, strong R & D capability, and leading technical level. With the development of Chinese Biomass Fuel industry production technology, their share in the international market is increasing, and competitiveness in the international market gradually increases.

The global Biomass Briquette market is valued at 320 million US$ in 2017 and will reach 570 million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of 7.3% during 2018-2025. The global biomass briquettes market is segmented into North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. Of these regions, Europe and North America are expected to be key regions for the growth of this market. The utilization of the biomass briquettes production technologies is high to convert their biomass into useful energy sources.

Biomass molding fuel is made of agricultural and forestry residues such as rice stalk, straw, cotton stalk, bamboo sawdust, wood flour, ramie stalk, peanut husk, etc. It is produced by pellet machines or briquetting machines, after going through several processing procedures, such as crushing, drying, mixing, molding or compressing, etc. And the final products are pellets and briquettes, which are used as a replacement for coal, gasoline gas and other traditional fossil fuels. Compared to fossil fuels, biomass molding fuel produce low net total greenhouse gas emissions because the materials used are already a part of the carbon cycle. Biomass pellet fuel are biofuels made from compressed organic matter or biomass. Wood pellets are the most common type of pellet fuel and are generally made from compacted sawdust and related industrial wastes from the milling of lumber, manufacture of wood products and furniture, and construction. Other industrial waste sources include empty fruit bunches, palm kernel shells, coconut shells, and tree tops and branches discarded during logging operations.

Biomass pellets are usually utilized in home pellet stove, central heating boiler, industrial boiler, or in power plants to replace coal. They can also be used as horse bedding and cat litter. However, biomass briquettes are sticks or blocks with large diameter and different shapes (hexagon, cylinder, cuboid, etc.) made by biomass briquette machines. They are primarily for industrial use for heating.

Key Players:-

Ø Enviva

Ø Pacific BioEnergy

Ø German Pellets

Ø RWE Innogy

Ø Drax Biomass

Ø General Biofuels

Ø Pfeifer Group

Ø Biomass Secure Power

Tiantai Product Page

Ø Energex

Ø Westervelt

For More Details, Click Here:- https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/waste-management-recycling-industrial-waste-management-agro-waste-municipal-garbage-plastic-paper-metal-iron-glass-rubber-electronic-medical-waste-recycling-solid-waste-treatment-agricultural-wood-waste-residue-processing-projects/z,,39,0,a/index.html

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Charcoal briquette production using tree prunings and twigs in a dryland forest by Ecocharcoal Ltd. Photo collage by Beatrice Despioch, EcoCharcoal.

The majority of people in Africa depend on wood for cooking and heating energy due to its affordability, accessibility and versatility for meeting people’s needs. But while it offers a low cost means for cooking, heating homes and powering industrial activities, a sizable proportion of it is obtained unsustainably, leading to deforestation and land degradation. Moreover, wood is often burned in inefficient appliances, causing emissions that have negative health and environmental impacts.

Fuel briquettes could help alleviate these challenges.

With wood-dependent populations growing in the region, while access to wood declines, briquettes offer a practical solution to supplement the use of wood as fuel. They are produced by compressing biomass residues like charcoal dust, sawdust, other wood remnants or agricultural byproducts into a solid unit that is used like charcoal or firewood. If the base materials do not hold together well, a binding substance such as soil, clay or starch is added. For use in the home, briquettes made from carbonized biomass are preferred, while non-carbonized briquettes are mostly used for industrial purposes.

Briquettes are more sustainable and more energy-efficient and could reduce the pressure on forests and lower pollution levels in urban areas, that is, if more people start using them. For example, in Nairobi’s informal settlement of Kibera, one of Africa’s largest slums, research found that use of slow burning charcoal dust and soil briquettes reduced household cooking energy expenditure by 70 percent if families produced their own, and 30 percent if they purchased briquettes from other sources.

Following a recent webinar on briquettes organized by The Charcoal Project, here are five takeaways on this emerging fuel that could make a major impact.

1) Briquettes offer an opportunity for small enterprises

The production and sale of briquettes offers major income opportunities for entrepreneurs and participants in the supply chain. There is huge potential in the cooking and heating fuel market in Africa, and it is not difficult to establish a briquette production operation. In addition, the competition is fragmented and there are no major, branded briquette businesses that have cornered the market, said Sylvia Herzog, director of The Charcoal Project, a nonprofit focused on sustainable biomass solutions.

The small businesses in Kenya and Uganda that have ventured into the market are focusing on the various energy needs of chicken hatcheries, rural households, tourist camps and restaurants, and the lower and middle classes in urban areas.

For example, Kenya’s Eversave Briquettes produces 10 tonnes a month of charcoal briquettes made from charcoal dust collected from trading sites mixed with gum arabic. When charcoal dust is in short supply, they make it from carbonized macadamia nut shells. Selling for 25 to 30 KES (USD 0.25-0.30) per kg, the woman-led enterprise has a 20 to 30 percent profit margin. Nairobi-based company Chardust salvages charcoal dust from the city’s charcoal traders, producing briquettes of various shapes and sizes for different purposes, selling roughly 200 tonnes a month to local markets.

Many examples like this exist in sub-Saharan Africa. But there is room for many more opportunities.

2) Briquettes can help re-purpose waste

Briquettes fit nicely into circular bioeconomy approaches that aim to reduce waste and spur more sustainable bioresources and market-based practices, while sustaining rural-urban linkages.

The Circular Bioeconomy Transformative Partnership Platform of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry (ICRAF) is working on the subject in relation to forests and the wood use. A circular bioeconomy approach is also being implemented in the refugee context in Africa by ICRAF and partner,  supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the CGIAR Water, Land and Ecosystems research program (WLE).

In Cameroon, CIFOR supports Kemit Ecology, a start-up enterprise that transforms household waste such as plantain peels and maize leaves into ecological briquettes, contributing to urban waste management in the city of Douala.

3) Briquettes offer multiple ecological benefits

The use of briquettes also has the potential to preserve forests. In long-term studies undertaken at Kenya’s Kasigau Corridor, a conservation dryland landscape of about 200,000 ha, research led by Wildlife Works in collaboration with the National Museums of Kenya and ICRAF is showing that tree regeneration could occur alongside biodiversity protection and charcoal briquette production from tree prunings in the area, since using prunings eliminates the need to cut down trees. Communities along the corridor are developing similar briquette and conservation enterprises, including EcoCharcoal, which works with The Charcoal Project.

The techniques used in the natural regeneration of vegetation and improved carbonization processes are also being applied in many areas under CIFOR-ICRAF’s Governing Multifunctional Landscapes project, which works in Kenya, Zambia, Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo and is funded by the European Union.

Kings Biofuels in Kenya produces over 200 tonnes of sawdust briquettes per month and has an agreement with the Kenya Tea Development Authority (KTDA). This innovation could save millions of trees, as firewood is used as heat to dry tea. The non-carbonized briquettes produced by Kings Biofuels are used in other industries such paint and carton production.

4) Briquette production can be profitable

Briquette making requires machinery, which is easy to obtain but is costly. But once the business is established, there is profit to be made. According to Matthew Owen of Chardust, using pre-carbonized waste helps save, as carbonizing is costly. He noted that there is great business promise with a focus on quality (by sieving and sorting for maximum purity) and targeted, niche marketing.

On the flip side, if people with little income are used to collecting free wood, there is little incentive to pay for briquettes. However, firewood resources are dwindling and becoming harder to access, and rural households are increasingly starting to pay for fuel. In a recent national survey  in Kenya, 42 percent of rural households were found to use charcoal for fuel compared to 34 percent in 2002, indicating that a shift has occurred, which could signal potential for another shift to briquettes.

5) Public awareness of the advantages of briquettes is vital

A solution to many of the challenges facing briquettes entering the market and becoming mainstream is in education, for consumers, for those wanting to enter into business and for institutions or investors looking to finance cleaner energy work.

Dorothy Auwor Otieno of Kenya’s Nyalore Impact noted that behavior change takes time, and that health or environmental arguments for replacing wood and charcoal with briquettes would not convince the communities she works with to switch. Multiple factors including personal preferences affect people’s choices, so getting briquettes into household kitchens could take a bit more time.

But growing urbanization leads to growing demand for biomass energy. With more businesses in the briquette marketplace that are supported with effective value chains, alongside education and effective communication, this cleaner energy option has the potential to improve human wellbeing and create more sustainable environments – where people need it the most.

It is important to note that a complete switch to briquettes in the near future may not be a feasible goal, as raw materials are limited. However a substantial reduction in the consumption of firewood, charcoal and kerosene for domestic use and furnace oil in industries, and the use of electricity and charcoal in keeping chicks warm in chicken hatcheries, which are a big buyer of charcoal, would go a long way to improving both human wellbeing and the environment.

The webinar hosted by The Charcoal Project was held on March 30, 2021.

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