All-dielectric self-supporting (ADSS) cable is a type of optical fiber cable that is strong enough to support itself between structures without using conductive metal elements. It is used by electrical utility companies as a communications medium, installed along existing overhead transmission lines and often sharing the same support structures as the electrical conductors.[1][2]
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ADSS is an alternative to OPGW and OPAC with lower installation cost. The cables are designed to be strong enough to allow lengths of up to 700 metres to be installed between support towers. ADSS cable is designed to be lightweight and small in diameter to reduce the load on tower structures due to cable weight, wind, and ice.[3]
In the design of the cable, the internal glass optical fibers are supported with little or no strain, to maintain low optical loss throughout the life of the cable. The cable is jacketed to prevent moisture from degrading the fibers. The jacket also protects the polymer strength elements from the effect of solar ultraviolet light.
Using single-mode fibers and light wavelengths of either or nanometres, circuits up to 100 km long are possible without repeaters. A single cable can carry as many as 864 fibers.[4]
Construction details
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No metal wires are used in an ADSS cable. Optical fibers are either supported in loose buffer tubes, or arranged in a ribbon configuration. To prevent strain on the fibers, most types provide the fibres with excess slack length compared to the length of the supporting member.[3]
For longer spans, the most common design gets its strength from aramid fiber yarns, which are coated to prevent water wicking. The aramid yarn strength member surrounds a core made up of multiple buffer tubes, each containing multiple fibers, all surrounding a plastic core.[4][5][6][7] The outer sheath provides protection from water and sunlight. Another version consists of a large central tube containing multiple flat, thin structures called fiber ribbons; these consists of 6 or 12 fibers laminated between layers of a tape-like material.[4]
Another type of design uses four glass-reinforced plastic strength member strands, and loose buffer tubes cabled into an assembly and protected by a jacket.
Accessories and installation
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Fittings used with ADSS cable may be tension type, used at dead-ends where the cable terminates or changes direction, or may be suspension type, only holding the weight of a span with tension transmitted through the next span of cable. Reinforcing rods are used at dead-ends and may sometimes be used on either side of a suspension support. Wind-induced aeolian vibration may be a factor on longer spans since ADSS cables have light weight, relatively high tension, and little self-damping. Anti-vibration dampers may be installed on each span near the support points if needed. Accessories must not be clamped directly to the cable but instead over reinforcing rods, to protect the cable from electrical and mechanical damage. Termination boxes are used to enclose and protect splices between the ADSS cable and "inside plant" cable runs.[3]
ADSS cable can be installed using live-line methods on an energized transmission line. Fiber cables are generally supported on the lower cross-arms of the tower, which provides good clearance to the ground. When the fibers are installed in the middle of a tower, the fiber cable is unlikely to hit energized conductors. Lower weights and forces are used for installation, compared with metallic cables, so lighter equipment can be used.
Installation technique is similar to installing overhead conductors, with care taken to prevent excessively tight bending of the cable, and adjustment of the sag of individual spans as for metallic cables.
Application issues
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Cables must be designed for the worst-case combinations of temperature, ice load, and wind. An installed cable must not sag so low that it can be damaged by traffic under the line. On long spans where utilities already experience conductor galloping caused by sustained high wind, dampers may need to be installed on ADSS cable also. The cable specifications should allow for operation at the lowest expected temperature.
Transmission lines are sometimes exposed to damage by gunfire, especially in rural areas. Shotgun pellets may occasionally sever fibers or damage the sheath, allowing water into the cable. This is usually in areas where ADSS cables are strung low over known hunting areas.
Glass under tension and exposed to acid environments loses strength; this applies to both the optical fibers and the glass reinforcement of polymers. The cable jacket and gel coating of fibres provides protection from chemical attack.
The ADSS cable is suspended in the electrical field due to the phase conductors; this varies from a maximum at mid-span to zero at the grounded metal supports of the cable. In dry conditions, no current flows on the jacket of the cable, but moisture reduces the jacket insulation. Uneven distribution of moisture can result in formation of high-resistance "dry bands" which have a relatively high voltage across them. Dry bands tend to form at the supports. Voltage across the dry band can cause carbon tracks to form and erosion of the jacket material. If the voltage across the dry band is high enough, an arc may form which can damage the jacket. Dry-band arcing is more likely for cables installed under higher transmission voltage lines (220 kV and above). Even a few incidents of arcing along a dry band can cause severe permanent damage to the jacket, leading to subsequent failure of the cable. Relatively low sustained arc currents of a few milliamperes can cause eventual aging degradation of the cable. The magnitude of current available in an arc (and probability of damage) depends on the geometry of the installation and is not simply correlated with the voltage of the transmission line. Wetting conditions near industrial plants or saltwater will have more severe effect on the jacket resistance than in freshwater rain or fog. The two usual means of protecting cables from dry-banding damage in very high voltage environments involve using a tracking-resistant cable jacket material and relocating the cable to more favorable locations on the structure.
References
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Double Suspension Clamp for ADSS Cable
Application
The Preformed Double Suspension Clamp is designed to connect ADSS cable and straight towers (or poles) or big elevation angel lines for long span length, it can decrease static stress at support points and increase ant-vibration ability for ADSS cable, and cushioned against the dynamic stress of aeolian vibration. Provide gentle bend angle for ADSS cable which is support on the large angle suspension Pole(tower), reduce the bending stress of ADSS cable, to avoid various harmful stress concentration, so that the optical fiber of cable does not generate additional loss.
Structure
The product is combined with two number of Housings, two number of Rubber Inserts, one unit of Outer Preformed Rods, one unit of Inner Preformed Rods.
Inner Preformed Rods, which are directly wrapped outside of the cables and gripped by Rubber Insert, to provide protection and hardness strength for the cables. Outer Preformed Rods are gripped by Housing and pressed the Rubber Insert. The same to the Single Suspension Clamps.
Components
Direction
1. It is designed to connect Straight Towers (or poles) and ADSS cables, One set per tower (or pole)
2. Select the specification model corresponding to the cable diameter and maximum load-weight.
Installation
Breaking Strength: Greater Than 100KN
Recommended Span Length: >m
Data Sheet
Specification Model
Suitable Cable Diameter (mm)
Inner Preformed Rods (mm)
Outer Preformed Rods (mm)
Color Code
SCF 070S
10.9-11.5
Green
SCF 070S
11.6-12.2
Cyan
SCF 070S
12.3-12.9
Blue
SCF 070S
13.0-13.6
Purple
SCF 070S
13.7-14.3
Black
SCF 070S
14.4-15.0
Red
SCF 070S
15.1-15.7
Orange
SCF 070S
15.8-16.4
Yellow
SCF 070S
16.5-17.1
Green
SCF 070S
17.2-17.8
Cyan
SCF 070S
17.9-18.5
Blue
One set of Double Suspension Clamp includes one unit of Inner Preformed Rods, one unit of Outer Preformed Rods, two number of Housings, a Yoke Plate, two number PS Clevis PS-7 and a Z Clevis Z-7.
Suspension Clamp for ADSS/OPGW cable
Material
&#; Rubber Insert------It consists of high-class rubber, compounded for resistance to ozone, weathering extreme high and low temperature variations and compression set.
&#; Housing------It is made of cast aluminium alloy, which is stable, better anticorrosive in aero and mechanical performance.
&#; Armor Rods ------High strength aluminium alloy for weathering extreme high and low temperature variations, compression set, water resistance and high hardness.
&#; HSU Rods------the same to Armor Rods
Mounting instruction (Make sure that the Suspension Clamp is right before installation)
1. Use a plumb string, make the cable at the center of the suspension attachment point.
2. Form the loose individual rods into subsets consisting of 2 or 3 rods. Start with a subset with the center mark aligned and adjacent to the mark applied in step 1 wrap the subset onto the cable for 3 or 4 wraps.
3. Repeat step 2 for the remaining subsets marking sure the center marks are aligned and that the identification marks are on the same end.
4. Using hand pressure, wrap the ends and snap in place once all the subsets are applied.Do not use a tool which could scar or damage the cable . Center the HSU rods on the top insert with the 5. center mark aligned. Make sure the rod follows the curvature of the insert. Apply 2 or 3 complete wraps beyond each end of the insert.There should be no space between the rod and insert ,do not wrap rod around insert like this
6. Repeat step 6 with rod centered under the bottom half of the insert.
7. Using hand pressure only, wrap the ends of the rods in place. Do not use a tool which could scar or damage the cable
8. Clamp the housing on cable, at the assembly&#;s center, and make the ears up.
9. Place PS Clevis Eye into Housing, insert the blot through the hole of the ear, Tighten the bolt, insert lock pin.
10. Contract Anchor Shackle to Fastening clamp for tower pole.
11. Tighten the bolt&#;insert lock pin in place
Application
The Preformed Suspension Clamp is the connecting hardware of ADSS cable hang in transmission line pole (tower). It can reduce static stress at the support point and increase ant-vibration ability of ADSS cables, and cushioned against the dynamic stress of aeolian vibration.
Structure and Material
&#; Housing--- It is made of corrosion resistance cast aluminum alloy, which is stable, better anticorrosive in aero and mechanical performance.
&#; Rubber Insert--- It consists of high-class rubber and center reinforcing assembly, rubber insert is with ozone resistance, chemical resistances, weather resistance performance, with high and low temperature performance, high strength and elasticity, small compression deformation.
&#; Bolt, Flat Washer, Spring Washer, Nut, Split Lock, Shackle--- Standard Parts of Electric Power.
&#; Inner Preformed Rods---According to the mechanical performance and chemical composition to custom-made the aluminum alloy wire, with high tensile strength, hardness strength and excellent elasticity and strong rust resistance , it can be used for a long time in the bad weather condition.
Direction
&#; It is designed to connect straight or elevation angel less than 25° pole (tower) and ADSS cables, The special specification: one unit per pole.
&#; Select the specification model for Suspension Clamp is corresponding to the appropriate Cable Diameter, Load Weight or span length.
Short Span Suspension Clamp for ADSS Cables
Technical: Grip Strength: 3kN &#;Recommended Span Length: &#;100m ; Rated Tensile Strength&#;10KN
Model
&#;Without Preformed Rods&#;
Suitable Cable Diameter
&#;mm&#;
Length&#;mm&#;
Rubber Model
SPAS-SC 010
9.0-11.1
116
TD
SPAS-SC 010
11.2-13.3
116
TD
SPAS-SC 010
13.4-15.5
116
TD
SPAS-SC 010
15.6-17.7
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116
TD
Middle Short Span Suspension Clamp for ADSS Cable
Application
Single layer of Preformed Rods design can be used reliably and stably for a long time, as well as offers a cheaper solution for ADSS cable projects for the users.
Breaking Strength: 40KN
Recommended Span Length: &#;400m
Data Sheet
One set of Suspension Clamp includes a unit of Preformed Rods, a Housing, a Rubber Insert and a Shackle U-4.
Specification Model
Suitable Cable Diameter (mm)
Preformed Rods Length (mm)
Color Code
SCL 040
9.5-10.1
840
Orange
SCL 040
10.2-10.8
860
Yellow
SCL 040
10.9-11.5
880
Green
SCL 040
11.6-12.2
900
Cyan
SCL 040
12.3-12.9
920
Blue
SCL 040
13.0-13.6
940
Purple
SCL 040
13.7-14.3
960
Black
SCL 040
14.4-15.0
Red
SCL 040
15.1-15.7
Orange
SCL 040
15.8-16.4
Yellow
SCL 040
16.5-17.1
Green
SCL 040
17.2-17.8
Cyan
Installation of Helical Suspension Set(single)For ADSS Cable
1. Mark the cable at the center of the suspension attachment point with a plumb string.
2. Center the top and bottom halves with the center mark in Step 1 and secure with a thin layer of tape.
3. Center the Protection Rod on the top Insert with the center mark aligned. Make sure the Rod follows the curvature of the Insert. Apply 2 or 3 complete wraps beyond each end of the Insert. There should be no space between the Rod and Insert. Do not wrap rod around Insert.(Protection Rod cannot intersect Cable)
4. Repeat Step3 with Rod centered under the bottom half of the Insert.
5. Apply all other Rods in the same method. Make sure the Rods are evently spaced and are not crossed.
6. Using firm hand pressure only, wrap the ends of the Rods in place. Do not use any tool which could scar or damage the cable.
7. Suspension Set and Protection Rods are finished.
8. Place Anchor Shackle into Housing, insert the blot through the hole of the ear, Tighten the bolt, insert lock pin.
9. Contact Anchor Shackle to Fastener clamp for tower/pole.
Notes&#;
&#; The product is suitable for ADSS Cable shorter than 200 meters.
&#; Trained personnel just can use the clamps only.
&#; The safety of fittings, cables, and person must be ensured during installing.
&#; Do not change length and quantity of any part.
&#; The Protection Rods are not reused.
&#; Contact our technique department for any questions.
Middle Span Suspension Clamp for ADSS Cable
Breaking Strength: 50KN
Recommended Span Length: &#;700m
Data Sheet
Specification Model
Suitable Cable Diameter (mm)
Inner Preformed Rods Length (mm)
Outer Preformed Rods (mm)
Color Code
SCF 050
9.5-10.1
780
Orange
SCF 050
10.2-10.8
800
Yellow
SCF 050
10.9-11.5
820
Green
SCF 050
11.6-12.2
840
Cyan
SCF 050
12.3-12.9
860
Blue
SCF 050
13.0-13.6
880
Purple
SCF 050
13.7-14.3
900
Black
SCF 050
14.4-15.0
Red
SCF 050
15.1-15.7
Orange
SCF 050
15.8-16.4
Yellow
SCF 050
16.5-17.1
Green
SCF 050
17.2-17.8
Cyan
SCF 050
17.9-18.5
Blue
One set of Suspension Clamp includes a unit of Inner Preformed Rods, Outer Preformed Rods, a Housing, a Rubber Insert, a Shackle U-7.
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