Components
Coupling Hub &#; The coupling hub connects the pump shaft to the coupling. Typically, this consists of a disc coupling or a gear coupling rated for high-speed operations.
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Input Shaft &#; The pump shaft extends the full length of the pump and is the component to which all impellers, as well as the coupling hub, are attached. The complete rotating assembly is supported between the drive end and the non-drive end bearings.
Radial Bearings &#; These bearings provide support to the pump shaft in a radial direction. In this case, the bearings are designed as axially split sleeve bearings.
Thrust Bearing &#; These bearings provide axial support for the pump shaft. Although the pump is primarily hydraulically balanced, axial forces can still arise as the pump operates at varying speeds and pressures. The thrust bearing typically consists of a set of ball bearings, but in certain applications, a pivot shoe bearing, such as a Kingsbury Thrust Bearing, may be utilized.
Drive End Bearing Housing &#; This housing supports the radial bearing that is closest to the coupling hub on the drive end of the pump.
Non-Drive End Bearing Housing &#; This housing provides support for both the radial bearing and the thrust bearing on the non-drive end of the pump, often referred to as the thrust end bearing housing.
Mechanical Seal &#; The mechanical seal prevents the pressurized fluid from escaping into the atmosphere. It consists of two smooth surfaces that glide against each other and are maintained in contact by springs. One surface rotates with the shaft, while the other remains stationary. In instances where leakage is not a concern, such as with potable water, rope packing may replace the mechanical seal.
Impellers &#; Fluid is drawn into the center of the impeller in an axial direction. As the impeller turns, the fluid is expelled outward in a radial direction due to centrifugal force.
Casing Eye Wear Rings &#; Each impeller is equipped with a casing eye wear ring that maintains a very tight clearance (ranging from 0.001 to 0.020 inches, dependent on the fluid being pumped) with the impeller eye. This design addresses the pressure differential between the impeller eye and the exterior, minimizing fluid leakage back to lower pressure zones.
Casing Hub Wear Rings &#; Similar to the Casing Eye Wear Ring, the Casing Hub Wear Ring fulfills the same function on the hub side of the impeller.
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Flow Diverters &#; These components assist in guiding the fluid into the impeller's eye. Often, they are integrated into the Casing Eye Wear Ring.
Throat Bushings &#; Throat bushings are designed to maintain positive pressure within the seal chamber and to shield the mechanical seal surfaces from contaminants.
Throttle Bushing &#; Found solely on the higher-pressure side of the pump, the throttle bushing's role is to insulate the mechanical seal from the pressure exerted by the mid-stage impeller. A balance line is commonly utilized between the two seal chambers, allowing both to function at the same pressure, despite the drive end seal being situated on stage 1 and the non-drive end seal on stage 4. The throttle bushing also contributes to the hydraulic balancing of the axial thrust load on the pump.
Center Bushing &#; Positioned between the third and sixth stage impellers, the center bushing is engineered to assist in maintaining hydraulic balance considering the substantial pressure differential it encounters.
Pump Case &#; The image illustrates only the lower half of the pump case. An axially split centrifugal pump comprises two halves – the lower and upper, secured by large studs and nuts with a gasket in between.
Clamping Studs &#; These are affixed to both halves of the pump case and are tightened to around 10,000 ft lbs on larger pumps to withstand internal pressure.
Suction Port & Discharge Port &#; In a multistage, horizontal, axially split volute pump, the suction connection is always found in one of the four corners, while the discharge flange will consistently be centered on either side.
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