LNG ISO tanks are designed to transport gases. Looking for an LNG ISO tank? Get the full overview of their features and specifications as well as average prices on different types.
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As the demand for international trade rises day by day, the need for good quality and reliable means of conveyance increases. To carry liquefied natural gas worldwide, the LNG ISO tank caters to this need with various customizable features.
In many countries, LNG ISO tanks are used to optimize energy supply chains and obtain Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for use in cities and remote locations. LNG containers offer an effective solution to the LNG supply problem.
With that being said, there has been a lot of confusion circulating within the shipping industry regarding the 40ft LNG ISO tank and ISO VAC 40 LNG. Are they the same thing or do they have their own functions?
To clarify, 40ft LNG ISO Tank and ISO VAC 40 LNG are just the same but with variable names.
Now that we&#;ve cleared things up, do you want to skip right to buying or leasing an LNG ISO tank? Then click on the banner below to find LNG ISO tanks at the best rates possible in your preferred location.
If you&#;re keen to learn more about these special tanks, read on to get a complete overview of the LNG ISO Tank and its features.
What is an LNG ISO tank?
Generally, an ISO Tank is a tank container that is built according to the ISO standard (International Organisation for Standardization). And are used to transport various liquids and gasses. More specifically, LNG ISO tanks are designed to efficiently carry liquified natural gas (LNG) in bulk.
These tanks are made of stainless steel. Plus they have multi-layered vacuum-insulated pressure tanks, supported by double-walled transport tanks. Hence, allowing them to hold LNG at temperatures of -162 °C (-260 °F). The maximum pressure level of an LNG ISO tank container is 0.690 MPa.
An LNG ISO tank has two containers &#; an inner tank containing LNG and an outer tank with insulation materials. Full containment tanks are most common and vary in size based on their purpose. Transporting LNG in ISO tanks is an innovative and effective alternative to conventional natural gas distribution.
Here are other ways where LNG ISO Tank containers are useful &#;
What Can You Transport In LNG ISO Tank Containers?
LNG ISO tank containers are intermodal containers used to move liquids, gases, and powders. It is built in accordance with the ISO standards, making it suitable for different modes of transportation.
LNG tanks are typically constructed with 4 to 6 tanks arranged in a row down the center. The vessel has a double-hull design because two separate ballast tanks, cofferdams, and voids surround the tanks.
LNG or Liquified Natural Gas is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) converted into liquid form for storage or transportation without the use of pressurized vessels or storage. LNG is odorless, colorless, non-toxic, and non-corrosive gas.
The market is full of companies providing LNG ISO tanks at standard rates. xChange helps you to find the right LNG ISO tank container as per your requirements from a pool of verified suppliers.
Market overview of LNG ISO tank containers
Now that we have an idea of what LNG ISO tanks can transport, here&#;s a quick wrap-up of what&#;s happening in the LNG ISO tank market:
The global LNG ISO tank container market size was estimated at USD 159.1 million in and is expected to reach USD 264 million by .
Major players in the ISO tank container market are China International Marine Containers Co. Ltd, Nantong Tank Container CO. Ltd, CXIC Group Containers Company Limited, and Singamas Container, to name a few.
Europe was the largest region in the ISO tank container market in , with North America being the second.
To learn more about the latest LNG ISO tank market trends, read this report.
Know the difference: Types of ISO containers
There are various types of ISO tanks available in the market and each with its own purpose. So how do you know which one is best for your needs?
Don&#;t worry! Because here&#;s an overview of the common types of ISO tanks and the type of cargo they&#;re designed to carry:
Type
Sizes
Cargo type
Food grade
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
Ideal for shipping/storing food such as beer, milk, and hot chocolate.
Silo
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
These are used to transport powders or grains like wheat, oats, and flour.
Swap body
20ft, 23ft, 24ft
An excellent option for when you need more storage space for chemicals.
Reefer
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
Perfect for shipping temperature-sensitive liquids, powders, and gasses.
Gas
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
Specifically designed to carry industrial, medical, and natural gasses. Examples: liquified petroleum gas and heliox.
Multi-compartment
20ft, 40ft
Great if you&#;re looking to transport various types of liquids, powders, and gasses at the same time.
LNG ISO tanks
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
Intended to ship liquified natural gas (LNG) such as methane and ethane.
Let&#;s now zoom in on the features of the top ISO tank performers:
Food-grade tank container
These tanks are suited to transport temperature-sensitive cargo, such as milk. Its made of stainless steel with mineral wool insulation. As a result, superior thermal insulation maintains temperature for longer.
Silo tank container
Silo tanks are made of high-grade steel and are known for shipping all sorts of grains and powders. Anything from maize and flour to cement, this is your go-to tank. They&#;re also coated with a UV-stabilized outer layer to protect the cargo from harsh climate conditions.
Swap body tank container
Swap body tanks are designed to transport hazardous and non-hazardous and food-grade bulk liquid cargo. These tanks allow for the transportation of larger volumes of up to 35,000 liters. Plus, it can hold a maximum cargo temperature of +130°C.
LNG ISO tank container
These tanks have a working pressure ranging from 100psi to 10 Bar and are ideal for the safe transport of LNG. LNG tanks also feature high vacuum insulation, stacking capability of 9 units high, a full set of decals, and various pipework options. All these features offer maximum versatility to the end user and operator.
Do any of these ISO tanks pique your interest? Then head over to xChange to find your ideal ISO Tank at a price you fancy.
Average prices of LNG ISO tank
The prices of LNG ISO tank containers vary depending on factors like which country it&#;s bought in, the country it&#;s sent to, or the type of LNG ISO container used. Here&#;s the price list of different LNG ISO tank containers:
Container Type
Average Price
20 ft LNG ISO Tank
USD 10,000
40 ft Cryogenic LNG ISO Tank
USD 50,000 &#; 52,000
10 ft Low Pressure LNG ISO Tank
USD 8,000 &#; 42,000
40 ft LNG ISO Tank
USD 54,000 &#; 56,000
45ft LNG ISO tank
USD 33,000
Interested in the average prices and leasing rates of LNG ISO tanks in your location? Click here to find out today.
LNG ISO tank types and their specifications
By now we know that LNG ISO tank containers are the most effective vessels to transport liquified natural gases. There are 2 types of LNG ISO tanks commonly used in the shipping industry. These are cryogenic LNG tanks and the standard 20ft and 40ft LNG ISO containers. To optimally serve their purposes, each type and size has its own unique specification.
Let&#;s dive into each of their specifications and metrics:
Container
Type
Container Specification
(L x B x H /mm)
Loading Capacity
(in L)
Design Temperature
(ºC)
20 ft LNG ISO Container
x x
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22,000 L
55
40 ft LNG ISO Container
x x
25,000 L
55
20 ft Standard Cryogenic LNG ISO
x x
20,200 L
55
LNG can be transported over longer distances using cryogenic ISO tank containers. This allows for a more cost-effective fuel supply to end-users that are further away from LNG supply sources. A 20ft cryogenic LNG ISO container offers a storage capacity of 22,000 liters starting at a 17 BARG working pressure.
Similarly, two 40ft LNG ISO containers can have different specifications, and they can be leveraged for different purposes. For instance, a 40ft cryogenic LNG ISO container provides an exceptional 45,000 liters of capacity with a total payload of up to 36,000 kg. The working pressures for a 40ft LNG ISO standard container range between 10 BARG to 22 BARG with and without pump options.
With specifications out the way, let&#;s now explore the safety considerations of LNG ISO tank containers.
Safety considerations of LNG ISO tank container
LNG ISO tanks must be handled with extra care since LNG is highly flammable. Here are some key safety pointers to consider when shipping LNG:
When handling natural gas, there&#;s a possibility that gas will permeate clothing, so avoid smoking near the tank, especially while filling and discharging.
In case of a leak, remove any ignition sources and cut off the gas supply. Further, shut off the leaky spot and electrical units and have ample ventilation.
Another safety tip is to avoid sealing the vessel containing liquefied gas. If left in a sealed state, gas vaporization may result in pressure rise. This pressure rise can cause injury and damage to equipment.
Keen to learn more about the common safety issues with shipping LNG ISO tanks and their solutions? Then read this study to get a deeper understanding.
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The moment has arrived! You&#;ve discovered that an ISO tank is exactly what you&#;re looking for. But now, how do you find them? Sourcing ISO tanks, let alone LNG ISO tanks is a tedious and stressful process due to their scarcity in the market.
But luckily, we&#;ve got just the solution for you.
With our tank leasing and trading marketplace, you can easily find various types of ISO tanks in + locations. And if you&#;re looking to buy, lease, or even sell standard and special containers, xChange is at your disposal.
All you have to do is log into your Container xChange account and head to the trading/leasing dashboard. From there, key in the type of container you require and your desired location. Then, hit the search button and let the magic unfold.
There are some wonderful benefits to using xChange. For one, digitizing your container logistics to reduce manual workload and increase operational efficiency. But what else? Keep on reading to learn more.
Benefits of becoming a member of Container xChange
As a member of xChange, you get:
&#; 100% transparency on market prices and the complete leasing or buying process
&#; An array of containers to choose from as per requirement in + global locations
&#; Access to + verified members across the globe, including key industry players like Seaco Global, Trident, and Kuehne+Nagel.
&#; Easy and secure payment handling with xChange wallet.
&#; Access to real-time container tracking.
So, are you ready to unload the stress of sourcing ISO tanks and buy/lease tanks without commission? Then click on the banner below to get in touch with our expert team. They&#;ll guide you through the entire buying or leasing process and also show you the marketplace in action.
LNG Tank Container FAQ
Are LNG tanks pressurized?
Yes, LNG Tanks are pressurized. The maximum working pressure of a standard LNG ISO tank is 250 PSIG or lower, with the product stored at 50-120 PSIG.
What is a rollover in LNG tanks?
The rollover in LNG tanks occurs when the vapors from an LNG tank are rapidly released because of stratification.
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According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the U.S. is leveraging its more than 170 liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities and is now the largest exporter of LNG in the world. While LNG production and exports are rising, the abundance of natural gas production is also creating opportunities for utilities and independent power producers (IPPs).
Facilities to store and use LNG on a local level are opening up ways for utilities and producers to better manage energy supply and peak shaving. While they are a potentially cost-effective approach to energy management, small-scale LNG projects deliver optimal results when operators carefully evaluate operating need against available real estate and storage requirements.
The Road to LNG
The natural gas shortage of the s started the trend in the U.S. to use LNG as a supplement to manage energy supply. This trend led to many plants and facilities being built that would allow utilities and transmission pipelines direct access to natural gas to handle shortages.
Over the following decades, however, the original LNG peak shaving facilities were affected by both market changes and operations and maintenance cost-cutting that resulted in many assets&#; now-derelict condition.
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The Road to LNG
The natural gas shortage of the s started the trend in the U.S. to use LNG as a supplement to manage energy supply. This trend led to many plants and facilities being built that would allow utilities and transmission pipelines direct access to natural gas to handle shortages.
Over the following decades, however, the original LNG peak shaving facilities were affected by both market changes and operations and maintenance cost-cutting that resulted in many assets&#; now-derelict condition.
Although domestic natural gas is now abundant and viewed as a more environmentally friendly fuel source, today&#;s utilities and IPPs are faced with other challenges in how to reliably produce and deliver electricity to consumers:
- Change in the energy mix from coal to gas and renewables.
- High and seasonal demand for electricity generation.
- Pipeline delivery capacity constraints.
- Pipeline project permitting challenges.
- Weather-related events and impacts.
This new operating environment is motivating operators to actively evaluate how to use aging assets or construct new facilities that will tap into the power of LNG for effective energy management.
LNG Project Considerations
Composed almost entirely of methane, natural gas is a cleaner fossil fuel and simple hydrocarbon compound. When condensing to a liquid, natural gas is cooled to -260° F (-162° C) to form LNG, which is colorless, odorless and nontoxic. The process of cooling reduces the volume of LNG gas by a factor of more than 600, making it convenient and stable to store.
Whether upgrading an existing facility or exploring building on a new site, each project faces unique requirements and challenges. To develop a viable on-site LNG storage facility requires critical upfront evaluation of several factors to determine the right storage strategy:
- Analyze possible sites and soil conditions.
- Decide the LNG volume required.
- Determine thermal exclusion zone and boil-off gas strategy.
- Evaluate space, land and real estate requirements.
- Understand site access and maintenance considerations.
- Undertake vapor dispersion and containment analysis.
Powering LNG project success
While storage options play an important role on the path to LNG facility project execution, there are many other considerations and decisions that factor into project success:
- Community and stakeholder relations
- Environmental issues
- Facility design and permitting
- Land use and siting
- Natural gas quality
- Nitrogen supply
- Real estate acquisition
- Security and safety
- Site access
Determining project requirements and site development options at the outset helps guide decision-making to identify the preferred storage tank solution.
Storage Tank Options
LNG storage tanks are specialized containers that come in a range of options, each with its advantages and challenges.
Flat Bottom Tanks
Flat bottom tanks are atmospheric tanks that are installed aboveground and offer maximum safety for site areas. The selection of a flat bottom tank option typically depends on the amount of real estate available for tank placement. Flat bottom tanks come in three types:
Full Containment Tank
Designed as a double tank, a full containment tank holds LNG at atmospheric pressure and is constructed so that both its inner and outer tanks can, independently, hold the LNG in the case of a breach. The inner tank of a full containment vessel will enclose the LNG under normal operating conditions. The outer tank is capable of containing the LNG and any venting of vapor in case of leakage.
Although it&#;s the most expensive of the LNG storage tank options, a full containment tank requires the smallest thermal exclusion zone (the area surrounding a facility that might be impacted by radiant heat flux from a fire or vapor dispersion from a release of LNG) and, thus, requires the least real estate for installation. Full containment tanks are custom-designed and field-erected, requiring three years to build and prepare for use.
Single Containment Tank
Comprising an inner tank and outer container, a single containment tank holds LNG at atmospheric pressure and is designed to meet the low-temperature requirements for LNG storage. The outer tank retains and protects the inner tank insulation but is not designed to contain LNG in the event of leakage. This container type must have impoundment to contain any potential spill and requires a larger plot space compared to full containment.
Single containment tanks are field-erected and tend to be less expensive (Figure 1). They can take more than two years to construct ready for use. Approximate costs for the various LNG storage options shown below are for the storage system only and do not include secondary containment, pumps or any other supporting equipment.
Figure 1: LNG storage costs for single containment, full containment and bullet tanks.
CLICK TO ENLARGE
Double Containment Tank
A double containment tank is similar in design to a single containment tank but is built inside a secondary LNG containment vessel. The secondary container is made of concrete and will contain breeched LNG liquid but will not control vapor release. The space between the primary and secondary containers must not be more than 20 feet, according to regulations.
The construction timeline for double containment tanks is similar to that for full containment tanks.
Bullet Tanks
By evenly distributing the content and, therefore, the stress load on the tank, a bullet tank creates an inherently strong structure to store LNG. Primarily used to store smaller volumes, a bullet tank offers pressurized LNG containment. It has a cryogenic steel inner shell surrounded by a steel outer shell. Bullet tanks come in predetermined sizes and are not customizable; they are delivered prebuilt and ready for installation.
Bullet tanks are suitable for a turnkey solution that is installed in a shorter amount of time. However, storage designs must include protection and containment measures, such as secondary impoundment and detailed dispersion analysis, for the full loss of LNG in the event of a spill.
Floating Storage
For utilities and IPPs with access to water, floating storage units for LNG are an option. As part of a strategy to achieve peak shaving, floating LNG facilities use a special tanker that is anchored offshore and typically feeds natural gas to shore via an underwater pipeline. The LNG storage is often detained inside the hull as an atmospheric tank option or in pontoons that can hold pressurized bullet tanks.
The specially designed tankers cost less to build than an onshore LNG regasification plant, but they have higher operating costs. They are also limited in the volume of LNG storage. This option, however, offers flexibility and may fit an IPP&#;s business model by being able to move and serve different geographic areas along the coast as needed.
Storage Tank Evaluation Factors
Determining the right LNG storage solution is heavily influenced by available plot space, siting options, cost and schedule. Evaluating these criteria, along with container options, helps determine potential storage selections and limitations.
Plot Space
In determining the overall LNG facility layout, consideration should be given to the different tank types to establish the amount of real estate required for installation and operation.
With its outer concrete tank protection, a full containment tank needs less plot area than other options (Figure 2). Single containment tanks and bullet tanks require land for the outer dike or chosen secondary impoundment to contain LNG content if necessary. Likewise, single containment and bullet tanks will require an increase in the length of LNG piping to and from the container.
Figure 2: Full containment area volume needed.
CLICK TO ENLARGE
Siting
LNG plant siting requirements, which are intended to protect the safety of plant personnel and the surrounding public, are defined in the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) Title 49 CFR Part 193 and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Code 59A.
Analyzing hazards and minimizing the potential for LNG discharge, siting evaluation also must include thermal radiation levels and flammable vapor gas dispersion. This analysis helps to determine the needed exclusion zones for locating an LNG facility.
In addition to national and federal requirements, state, local and regional codes also must be evaluated. Calculations for radiation and vapor dispersion will default to the larger exclusion zone requirement and any other conservative siting approaches the project has adopted.
Single containment and bullet tanks will require a significantly larger site than a full containment tank would. The estimated acreage calculated to meet regulations will help determine the optimal LNG storage option.
Cost and Schedule
Once LNG storage options are narrowed down, cost and schedule estimates should be obtained and examined. Costs should include the tank, foundation, construction, hydrotesting, nitrogen purge and any required boundary or berm construction.
Estimating costs for engineering and construction of the facility and tanks can be calculated using the preliminary cost and schedule from tank suppliers. Full containment tanks will need the longest lead time while single containment tanks less time; bullet tanks are typically available the fastest.
Operators also must consider the range of LNG facility regulations and permitting requirements, which can affect the schedule significantly. Factoring in inspections and site permitting, along with storage tank lead times, helps avoid schedule surprises and budget impacts.
Conclusion
In this era of natural gas availability and low cost, the production and storage of LNG offers great potential for utilities and IPPs to manage electricity demand challenges. Likewise, LNG provides producers with a more environmentally friendly energy alternative to coal that can complement intermittent renewable energy generation.
Determining the right LNG facility development strategy, whether upgrading existing assets or undertaking a greenfield project, depends heavily on choosing the right storage solution. With several storage tank options available, project success relies on defining operating requirements at the outset and starting early to evaluate the most appropriate and cost-effective LNG storage solution.
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