Child-resistant packaging

Child-resistant packaging or CR packaging is special packaging used to reduce the risk of children ingesting hazardous materials. This is often accomplished by the use of a special safety cap. It is required by regulation for prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, Nicotine Containing Electronic Cigarette devices or Refill containers that can contain Nicotine EUTPD 36.7[1][2][3] pesticides, and household chemicals.[4] In some jurisdictions, unit packaging such as blister packs is also regulated for child safety.[5]

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The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission has stated in a press release that "There is no such thing as child-proof packaging. So you shouldn't think of packaging as your primary line of defense. Rather, you should think of packaging, even child-resistant packaging, as your last line of defense."[6]

Background

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The child-resistant locking closure for containers was invented in by Dr. Henri Breault.[7]

A history of accidents involving children opening household packaging and ingesting the contents led the United States Congress to pass the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of , authored by U.S. Senator Frank E. Moss of Utah. This gave the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission[8][9] the authority to regulate this area. Additions throughout the decades have increased the initial coverage to include other hazardous items, including chemicals regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency. Although child-resistant lids are not perfect, there is strong evidence that use of child-resistant lids has reduced child poisoning rates in the United States substantially.[10] Coordination exists for improving international standards on requirements and protocols.

Difficulty opening

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Child-resistant packaging can be a problem for some aged individuals or people with disabilities.[11][12][13] Regulations require designs to be tested to verify that most adults can access the package.[14] Some jurisdictions allow pharmacists to provide medications in non-CR packages when there are no children in the same house.

Requirements

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The regulations are based on protocols of performance tests of packages with actual children, to determine if the packages can be opened. More recently, additional package testing is used to determine if aged individuals or people with disabilities have the ability to open the same packages.[15][16]

Often the CR requirements are met by package closures which require two dissimilar motions for opening. Hundreds of package designs are available for packagers to consider.

Standards

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• ISO Child-resistant packaging - Requirements and testing procedures for reclosable packages.
• ISO Packaging&#;Child resistant packaging&#;Mechanical test methods for reclosable child resistant packaging systems
• ASTM D, Standard Classification for Child-Resistant Packages
• ASTM F, Consumer Safety Specification for Liquid Laundry Packets
• ASTM F-17 Standard Specification for Determination of Child Resistance of Portable Fuel Containers for Consumer Use

See also

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Citations

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General and cited references

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• Lockhart, H., and Paine, F.A., Packaging of Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare Products, , Blackie, ISBN 0---6
• Yam, K. L., Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology, John Wiley & Sons, , ISBN 978-0-470--6

Many medications, cleaning products and chemicals have child-resistant (CR) lids to protect children. Most people call these &#;child-proof&#;. The Poison Prevention Packaging Act (PPPA) of states that in order for a product to be child-resistant, 80% of children under age five will not be able to open it within 10 minutes. Studies show that the PPPA has lowered poisonings and poisoning deaths in young children by about 40%. It is important to use CR lids because it gives a couple of extra minutes to catch a child in the act, hopefully before a poisoning happens. However, most children are able to open CR lids if given enough time. Virtually nothing is child-proof when it comes to poisonings. CR lids along with other safety measures are needed to help prevent poisonings.

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Tips to help keep children safe:

• Store dangerous products out of sight and out of reach.

• Close CR lids tightly (be aware of sticky liquid medicine that can build up and make it hard for the lid to close. Wipe clean before putting on the lid.)

• Never call medicine &#;candy&#;.

• Do not take your own medicine in front of children. Kids like to copy adults.

• Be aware when visiting other homes that may not have medicine and chemicals stored safely.

• Be careful when you have a product out to use it. This is when most poisonings happen. If you need to step away, take either the child or the product with you.

• If a poisoning does happen, call Utah Poison Control Center at 1-800-222- for fast, free, expert poison help 24/7.

Resource

1. Walton WW. An evaluation of the Poison Prevention Packaging Act. Pediatrics. Mar;69(3):363-70. PMID: .

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Author: Sherrie Pace, MS, MCHES® Health Educator, Outreach Coordinator, Utah Poison Control Center

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