Understanding the Importance

The septic tank-soil absorption system is the most prevalent wastewater treatment mechanism used in rural regions. This system consists of a septic tank that separates solids from wastewater, while the soil absorption field, also known as the drain field, filters, treats, and disposes of the effluent from the septic tank.

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By removing solids from the wastewater, the tank safeguards the drain field from becoming clogged, thus preventing premature failures. Additionally, it serves as a storage point for settled solids, allowing them to undergo biological digestion.

The Mechanism of Septic Tanks

1. The function of the septic tank involves holding wastewater that allows solids to settle at the bottom and scum to float at the top. For optimal settling, it is recommended that wastewater remains in the tank for a minimum of 24 hours. This process ensures that up to 50% of solids decompose into liquids and gases, while the remaining solids persist in the tank.
2. There is no necessity for biological or chemical additives to facilitate the settling or decomposition processes. It is generally advised that nothing other than human waste and toilet paper should be disposed of in the system.
3. Over time, sludge builds up in the bottom of the tank due to regular usage. Properly sized tanks can typically handle three to eight years of use before they require servicing. Starting from the third year, it is crucial to assess the sludge levels annually. Homeowners should realize that tanks will appear full since both the inlet and outlet are located at the top.
4. If sludge and scum occupy over 35% of the tank's total volume, it is essential to remove them through pumping.

Septic Tank Service Protocols

Allowing sludge and scum buildup can prevent incoming sewage from adequately settling, potentially causing solids to escape into the drain field, leading to clogging and overflow. This situation poses health risks by exposing both humans and animals to harmful pathogens. Regular inspections and timely servicing of the tank are vital to circumvent such risks.

Although a full tank may not lead to immediate drain field failure, it ceases to protect the drainage area effectively, which can result in inefficiencies and even possible groundwater pollution. Neglecting this maintenance can ultimately lead to drain field failure and necessitate its replacement. The pumping frequency is contingent upon tank size and household waste management practices. Using a garbage disposal and excessive water usage can increase the need for pumping.

For homes with four bedrooms in Oregon, a 1,000-gallon septic tank is common. Under typical usage, a family of four might require pumping roughly every three years, whereas a two-person household could stretch this to every six years. Systems installed prior to the enforcement of updated regulations may have smaller tanks that require more frequent service.

Cleaning Procedures

1. Hire a licensed septic tank pumper who adheres to the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) standards. It is advisable to oversee the cleaning process to ensure it is executed correctly. The extracted material is referred to as "septage."
2. To effectively clear the tank, the scum layer must be disrupted, and the sludge needs stirring into the liquid sewage. This is often executed by extracting liquid and then reinjecting it back into the tank's bottom. Always pump the tank through the central service hole rather than the inspection ports to avoid damage.
3. Before sealing the tank after cleaning, inspect the condition of the tees or baffles. If these components are worn or missing, replace them with sanitary tees. Never enter a septic tank due to the lethal gases it emits.
4. During outside maintenance, ensure proper ventilation and have someone present. Do not attempt to rescue anyone who has fallen into the tank without proper breathing apparatus. In emergency situations, call for professional help and use a fan to ventilate the area.
5. To facilitate future inspections and cleaning, installing a watertight riser with a gasketed cover at least one inch above the ground level is recommended before burying the tank. Ensure the riser is left uncovered.

Further Resources

Many counties manage the septic system program under the DEQ. For more specific contact information regarding your county or details about DEQ's program, reach out to your nearest DEQ office or call the toll-free number in Oregon at 800-452-. For individuals with hearing loss, DEQ's TTY number is 503-229-.

This information has been partially drawn from resources produced by the Oregon State University Extension Service Circular.

Septic Tanks Requiring Minimal Maintenance

Numerous myths exist about septic tanks and sewage treatment facilities. This often-discussed topic can generate misconceptions due to its sensitive nature. We've compiled a list of common myths alongside factual information to clarify the realities of septic tank care.

1. After installation, no further action is needed for septic maintenance.

This statement is unfortunately incorrect. Regular emptying of the septic tank is essential to remove accumulated solids and prevent them from infiltrating the system. Additionally, using bacterial treatments can help maintain balanced bacteria levels within the tank.

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2. Chemicals and cleaning products should not be used in septic systems.

While it's true that certain chemicals may harm the beneficial bacteria, there are safe options available. Opt for low or phosphate-free detergents when using laundry and dishwasher products. However, be cautious with bleach and disinfectants, as these can be detrimental to bacterial health. Products like our Biotreat365 microbial formula can help restore necessary bacteria populations.

3. Tank emptying is only necessary when it's full.

This misconception is false. The frequency of cleaning depends on household size and tank capacity. The Environment Agency recommends that septic tanks should be emptied at least once per year.

After being emptied, a tank reaches its operational level within days, which works by displacing solids while allowing wastewater to flow through the outlet, typically into a soak-away or drainage field. Regular emptying is vital to prevent solids from seeping into the outlet.

4. Many people never empty their tanks without issue.

Though you might not see the immediate repercussions of neglecting your septic tank, the damage can be significant. If a tank remains unemptied, sludge will likely fill the drain field or soak-away, diminishing its efficiency and risking system failure. While damage effects might take years to materialize, the eventual repairs will likely exceed the costs of regular maintenance and cause disruption due to necessary groundworks.

5. Sewage treatment facilities digest all solids independently, eliminating the need for emptying.

Contrary to popular belief, all sewage treatment systems need to be emptied and serviced at regular intervals; this frequency depends on the plant’s size and usage. The treatment mechanisms hinge on periodically removing settled solids. Neglecting this process risks sludge bleeding into system areas where it shouldn’t, potentially harming the treatment plant components and polluting surrounding areas.

Armed with this knowledge, it is crucial to ensure proper maintenance and servicing of your septic tank. For assistance with waste management, feel free to contact our team now at 455.

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